01-29-2020, 12:56 PM
中東以巴衝突 以色列 巴勒斯坦 Israeli–Palestinian conflict, middle east
以巴衝突
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%...2%E7%AA%81
以色列-巴勒斯坦衝突是持續中的衝突，為阿以衝突及中東戰爭的一部分。以巴衝突不能夠簡單地概括為所有以色列猶太人與所有巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人之間的雙邊衝突。在爭端雙方的族群里，有些個人和團體呼籲完全消滅對方，雙方皆有主張對方並非真正的民族，故無權建國的論述；現時國際的共識是支持兩國方案；亦有些支持一國方案——建立一個包括現在的以色列、約旦河西岸、加薩走廊和東耶路撒冷在內、種族及宗教地位平等的世俗國家。
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%E2...n_conflict
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an ongoing violent struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century amidst the greater Arab–Israeli conflict.[3] Various attempts have been made to resolve the conflict as part of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.[4] It has been referred to as the world's "most intractable conflict", with the ongoing Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip reaching 54 years.[5][6][7]
Public declarations of claims to a Jewish homeland in Palestine, including the 1897 First Zionist Congress and the 1917 Balfour Declaration, created early tension in the region. At the time, the region had a small minority Jewish population, although this was growing via significant Jewish immigration. Following the implementation of the Mandate for Palestine, which included a binding obligation on the British government for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" the tension grew into sectarian conflict between Jews and Arabs.[8][need quotation to verify] Attempts to solve the early conflict culminated in the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine and the 1947–1949 Palestine war, marking the start of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. The current Israeli-Palestinian status quo began following Israeli military occupation of the Palestinian territories in the 1967 Six-Day War.
Despite a long-term peace process, Israelis and Palestinians have failed to reach a final peace agreement. Progress was made towards a two-state solution with the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords, but today the Palestinians remain subject to Israeli military occupation in the Gaza Strip and in 165 "islands" across the West Bank. Key issues that have stalled further progress are security, borders, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements,[9] Palestinian freedom of movement,[10] and Palestinian right of return. The violence of the conflict, in a region rich in sites of historic, cultural and religious interest worldwide, has been the subject of numerous international conferences dealing with historic rights, security issues and human rights, and has been a factor hampering tourism in and general access to areas that are hotly contested.[11] Many attempts have been made to broker a two-state solution, involving the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside the State of Israel (after Israel's establishment in 1948). In 2007, the majority of both Israelis and Palestinians, according to a number of polls, preferred the two-state solution over any other solution as a means of resolving the conflict.[12]
Within Israeli and Palestinian society, the conflict generates a wide variety of views and opinions. This highlights the deep divisions which exist not only between Israelis and Palestinians, but also within each society. A hallmark of the conflict has been the level of violence witnessed for virtually its entire duration. Fighting has been conducted by regular armies, paramilitary groups, terror cells, and individuals. Casualties have not been restricted to the military, with a large number of fatalities in civilian population on both sides. There are prominent international actors involved in the conflict. A majority of Jews see the Palestinians' demand for an independent state as just, and think Israel can agree to the establishment of such a state.[13] The majority of Palestinians and Israelis in the West Bank and Gaza Strip have expressed a preference for a two-state solution.[14][15][unreliable source?] Mutual distrust and significant disagreements are deep over basic issues, as is the reciprocal skepticism about the other side's commitment to upholding obligations in an eventual agreement.[16]
The two parties currently engaged in direct negotiation are the Israeli government, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), headed by Mahmoud Abbas. The official negotiations are mediated by an international contingent known as the Quartet on the Middle East (the Quartet) represented by a special envoy, that consists of the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations. The Arab League is another important actor, which has proposed an alternative peace plan. Egypt, a founding member of the Arab League, has historically been a key participant. Jordan, having relinquished its claim to the West Bank in 1988 and holding a special role in the Muslim Holy shrines in Jerusalem, has also been a key participant.
Since 2006, the Palestinian side has been fractured by conflict between two major factions: Fatah, the traditionally dominant party, and its later electoral challenger, Hamas, which also operates as a militant organization. After Hamas's electoral victory in 2006, the Quartet conditioned future foreign assistance to the Palestinian National Authority (PA) on the future government's commitment to non-violence, recognition of the State of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements. Hamas rejected these demands,[17] which resulted in the Quartet's suspension of its foreign assistance program, and the imposition of economic sanctions by the Israelis.[18] A year later, following Hamas's seizure of the Gaza Strip in June 2007, the territory officially recognized as the PA was split between Fatah in the West Bank and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. The division of governance between the parties had effectively resulted in the collapse of bipartisan governance of the PA. However, in 2014, a Palestinian Unity Government, composed of both Fatah and Hamas, was formed. The latest round of peace negotiations began in July 2013 and was suspended in 2014.
中東和平計劃 Middle East peace proposals (以色列 巴勒斯坦)
List of Middle East peace proposals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mi..._proposals
特朗普公布中東和平計劃 倡巴勒斯坦建國定都東耶路撒冷
http://news.tvb.com/world/5e30d24934b031...2%E5%86%B7
美國總統特朗普公布希望化解以巴衝突的「中東和平計劃」，提出「兩國論」，建議巴勒斯坦建國定都東耶路撒冷。以色列歡迎計劃，但巴勒斯坦拒絕接受。
美國總統特朗普在以色列總理內塔尼亞胡陪同下，周二在白宮公布「中東和平計劃」，提出以巴「兩國論」，認為對以色列和巴勒斯坦是「雙贏」局面。
美國總統特朗普稱：「我希望這協議對巴人是一個好協議，這一定會是，今天的協議是一個歷史性機會，讓巴勒斯坦人終於實現，有他們自己一個獨立國家，經過70年的些微進展，這可能是他們的最後機會。」
「計劃」建議讓巴勒斯坦立國，並定都在東耶路撒冷，同時承認以色列對西岸殖民區擁有主權。內塔尼亞胡就再次感謝特朗普。
以色列總理內塔尼亞胡指：「有太多計劃試圖迫使以色列撤出約旦河谷等重要領土，但你、總統先生，你承認以色列必須擁有主權，在約旦河谷及約旦河西岸其他戰略地區。」
特朗普又在社交網站上載「計劃」所提議的巴勒斯坦國概念地圖，共分為多個地區，又指巴勒斯坦國未來的領土會比現時巴勒斯坦控制的地區大一倍，但實際範圍仍要各方進一步磋商；而美國亦願意在東耶路撒冷開設大使館。
在特朗普公布「計劃」後，西岸隨即再度爆發新一輪衝突，巴勒斯坦自治政府主席阿巴斯召開緊急會議，他批評特朗普提出的「計劃」無理，巴方堅決反對，重申會結束以色列的佔領。
巴勒斯坦激進組織哈馬斯亦表明不接受「計劃」，約旦及埃及就歡迎「計劃」。
哈馬斯表明拒絕接受美國的中東和平計劃
https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k...200129.htm
巴勒斯坦激進組織哈馬斯表明，拒絕接受美國公布的中東和平計劃，形容是美國同以色列的陰謀。
發言人重申，以色列及美國將要承受任何行動的後果。
較早前，美國總統特朗普在以色列總理內塔尼亞胡在場下，在華盛頓公布中東和平計劃，認為巴勒斯坦應該建國，可定都東耶路撒冷某個部分。
美國官員透露，美國的和平計劃較巴勒斯坦現時控制地區的面積，以倍計擴大。美國同時會承認以色列在西岸的主權。
在美國公布中東和平計劃之前，數以千計巴勒斯坦人在加沙示威。
分析家形容，特朗普公布的計劃，並沒有放棄以「兩國方案」調停。「兩國方案」是前總統奧巴馬中東和平的藍本。
以色列和巴勒斯坦衝突：背後的百年恩怨
https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-57101037
以巴衝突
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%...2%E7%AA%81
以色列-巴勒斯坦衝突是持續中的衝突，為阿以衝突及中東戰爭的一部分。以巴衝突不能夠簡單地概括為所有以色列猶太人與所有巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人之間的雙邊衝突。在爭端雙方的族群里，有些個人和團體呼籲完全消滅對方，雙方皆有主張對方並非真正的民族，故無權建國的論述；現時國際的共識是支持兩國方案；亦有些支持一國方案——建立一個包括現在的以色列、約旦河西岸、加薩走廊和東耶路撒冷在內、種族及宗教地位平等的世俗國家。
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%E2...n_conflict
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an ongoing violent struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century amidst the greater Arab–Israeli conflict.[3] Various attempts have been made to resolve the conflict as part of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.[4] It has been referred to as the world's "most intractable conflict", with the ongoing Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip reaching 54 years.[5][6][7]
Public declarations of claims to a Jewish homeland in Palestine, including the 1897 First Zionist Congress and the 1917 Balfour Declaration, created early tension in the region. At the time, the region had a small minority Jewish population, although this was growing via significant Jewish immigration. Following the implementation of the Mandate for Palestine, which included a binding obligation on the British government for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" the tension grew into sectarian conflict between Jews and Arabs.[8][need quotation to verify] Attempts to solve the early conflict culminated in the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine and the 1947–1949 Palestine war, marking the start of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. The current Israeli-Palestinian status quo began following Israeli military occupation of the Palestinian territories in the 1967 Six-Day War.
Despite a long-term peace process, Israelis and Palestinians have failed to reach a final peace agreement. Progress was made towards a two-state solution with the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords, but today the Palestinians remain subject to Israeli military occupation in the Gaza Strip and in 165 "islands" across the West Bank. Key issues that have stalled further progress are security, borders, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements,[9] Palestinian freedom of movement,[10] and Palestinian right of return. The violence of the conflict, in a region rich in sites of historic, cultural and religious interest worldwide, has been the subject of numerous international conferences dealing with historic rights, security issues and human rights, and has been a factor hampering tourism in and general access to areas that are hotly contested.[11] Many attempts have been made to broker a two-state solution, involving the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside the State of Israel (after Israel's establishment in 1948). In 2007, the majority of both Israelis and Palestinians, according to a number of polls, preferred the two-state solution over any other solution as a means of resolving the conflict.[12]
Within Israeli and Palestinian society, the conflict generates a wide variety of views and opinions. This highlights the deep divisions which exist not only between Israelis and Palestinians, but also within each society. A hallmark of the conflict has been the level of violence witnessed for virtually its entire duration. Fighting has been conducted by regular armies, paramilitary groups, terror cells, and individuals. Casualties have not been restricted to the military, with a large number of fatalities in civilian population on both sides. There are prominent international actors involved in the conflict. A majority of Jews see the Palestinians' demand for an independent state as just, and think Israel can agree to the establishment of such a state.[13] The majority of Palestinians and Israelis in the West Bank and Gaza Strip have expressed a preference for a two-state solution.[14][15][unreliable source?] Mutual distrust and significant disagreements are deep over basic issues, as is the reciprocal skepticism about the other side's commitment to upholding obligations in an eventual agreement.[16]
The two parties currently engaged in direct negotiation are the Israeli government, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), headed by Mahmoud Abbas. The official negotiations are mediated by an international contingent known as the Quartet on the Middle East (the Quartet) represented by a special envoy, that consists of the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations. The Arab League is another important actor, which has proposed an alternative peace plan. Egypt, a founding member of the Arab League, has historically been a key participant. Jordan, having relinquished its claim to the West Bank in 1988 and holding a special role in the Muslim Holy shrines in Jerusalem, has also been a key participant.
Since 2006, the Palestinian side has been fractured by conflict between two major factions: Fatah, the traditionally dominant party, and its later electoral challenger, Hamas, which also operates as a militant organization. After Hamas's electoral victory in 2006, the Quartet conditioned future foreign assistance to the Palestinian National Authority (PA) on the future government's commitment to non-violence, recognition of the State of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements. Hamas rejected these demands,[17] which resulted in the Quartet's suspension of its foreign assistance program, and the imposition of economic sanctions by the Israelis.[18] A year later, following Hamas's seizure of the Gaza Strip in June 2007, the territory officially recognized as the PA was split between Fatah in the West Bank and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. The division of governance between the parties had effectively resulted in the collapse of bipartisan governance of the PA. However, in 2014, a Palestinian Unity Government, composed of both Fatah and Hamas, was formed. The latest round of peace negotiations began in July 2013 and was suspended in 2014.
中東和平計劃 Middle East peace proposals (以色列 巴勒斯坦)
List of Middle East peace proposals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mi..._proposals
特朗普公布中東和平計劃 倡巴勒斯坦建國定都東耶路撒冷
http://news.tvb.com/world/5e30d24934b031...2%E5%86%B7
美國總統特朗普公布希望化解以巴衝突的「中東和平計劃」，提出「兩國論」，建議巴勒斯坦建國定都東耶路撒冷。以色列歡迎計劃，但巴勒斯坦拒絕接受。
美國總統特朗普在以色列總理內塔尼亞胡陪同下，周二在白宮公布「中東和平計劃」，提出以巴「兩國論」，認為對以色列和巴勒斯坦是「雙贏」局面。
美國總統特朗普稱：「我希望這協議對巴人是一個好協議，這一定會是，今天的協議是一個歷史性機會，讓巴勒斯坦人終於實現，有他們自己一個獨立國家，經過70年的些微進展，這可能是他們的最後機會。」
「計劃」建議讓巴勒斯坦立國，並定都在東耶路撒冷，同時承認以色列對西岸殖民區擁有主權。內塔尼亞胡就再次感謝特朗普。
以色列總理內塔尼亞胡指：「有太多計劃試圖迫使以色列撤出約旦河谷等重要領土，但你、總統先生，你承認以色列必須擁有主權，在約旦河谷及約旦河西岸其他戰略地區。」
特朗普又在社交網站上載「計劃」所提議的巴勒斯坦國概念地圖，共分為多個地區，又指巴勒斯坦國未來的領土會比現時巴勒斯坦控制的地區大一倍，但實際範圍仍要各方進一步磋商；而美國亦願意在東耶路撒冷開設大使館。
在特朗普公布「計劃」後，西岸隨即再度爆發新一輪衝突，巴勒斯坦自治政府主席阿巴斯召開緊急會議，他批評特朗普提出的「計劃」無理，巴方堅決反對，重申會結束以色列的佔領。
巴勒斯坦激進組織哈馬斯亦表明不接受「計劃」，約旦及埃及就歡迎「計劃」。
哈馬斯表明拒絕接受美國的中東和平計劃
https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k...200129.htm
巴勒斯坦激進組織哈馬斯表明，拒絕接受美國公布的中東和平計劃，形容是美國同以色列的陰謀。
發言人重申，以色列及美國將要承受任何行動的後果。
較早前，美國總統特朗普在以色列總理內塔尼亞胡在場下，在華盛頓公布中東和平計劃，認為巴勒斯坦應該建國，可定都東耶路撒冷某個部分。
美國官員透露，美國的和平計劃較巴勒斯坦現時控制地區的面積，以倍計擴大。美國同時會承認以色列在西岸的主權。
在美國公布中東和平計劃之前，數以千計巴勒斯坦人在加沙示威。
分析家形容，特朗普公布的計劃，並沒有放棄以「兩國方案」調停。「兩國方案」是前總統奧巴馬中東和平的藍本。
以色列和巴勒斯坦衝突：背後的百年恩怨
https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-57101037
![[Image: bkn-20200129010009627-0129_00972_001_02b...0129200926]](https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/amenews/20200129/photo/bkn-20200129010009627-0129_00972_001_02b.jpg?20200129200926)
![[Image: bkn-20200129010009627-0129_00972_001_04b...0129200926]](https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/amenews/20200129/photo/bkn-20200129010009627-0129_00972_001_04b.jpg?20200129200926)
