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美國針對中國的政策方向 US Policy Against China - Printable Version

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- U52.5U4G - 05-18-2019

美封殺未獲盟友跟隨 華官媒:華為非最後一個
https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/cnnews/20190518/bkn-20190518084609296-0518_00952_001.html

湯文亮:封殺華為只是美國一小步
https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F/article/20190520/s00004/1558289823936/%E6%B9%AF%E6%96%87%E4%BA%AE-%E5%B0%81%E6%AE%BA%E8%8F%AF%E7%82%BA%E5%8F%AA%E6%98%AF%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%80%E5%B0%8F%E6%AD%A5

在大約50年前,美國太空人岩士唐(Neil Armstrong)踏足月球,他當時說「這是我的一小步,人類的一大步」,當時全世界都以為美國會繼續探索月球,甚至在月球設立太空基地,大家怎樣也想不到岩士唐的一小步至今仍然是一小步,現在,甚至有很多人懷疑當時的登月只是一個騙局,岩士唐根本從未踏出一小步。

特朗普突然簽署緊急法令封殺華為,很多人話沒有美國的高端芯片支持,華為唔知點死,而且封殺華為只是封殺中國的一小步,全面性開徵關稅才是一大步,中國亦唔知點死,我對這個說法不敢苟同,美國的高端芯片如果不能賣給華為,當然令到華為受損,中國受損,但是沒有龐大銷售量也很難持續發展,最大受害者反而是美國供應商,特朗普其實是搵自己老襯,全面開徵關稅的確是一大步,不過是中美關係後退了一大步。

當大家懷疑美國的登月計劃是否是一個騙局,根本沒有這回事,我夠膽講,在全世界關注之下,登月一定是真的,但至於點解美國停止登月計劃,理由很簡單,就是月球根本沒有戰略及商業價值,簡直是浪費資源,所以,登月計劃在登月成功之後便停止。

高端芯片不賣華為 美成最大受害者

我講大家就會明白,戰爭是令到科技長足發展的一個重要元素,但這個元素是非常殘酷,唔知要死幾多人才會有「成績」,在二次大戰前,美國的科技發展只不過是一個二流國家,不但比不上德國,甚至連英國也不如,二次大戰令美國科技發展大幅提升,戰後繼續領導群雄,但科技發展不能單靠打仗,最實際是靠銷售,有銷售量,有錢賺才可以支持科技發展,今次特朗普封殺華為,高端芯片不能賣給華為,華為當然有所損失,但最大受害者應該是美國,封殺華為最終會令到美國科技發展放緩,封殺華為即是封殺美國自己,不過,我相信特朗普封殺華為是為了政治目的,如果不是考慮明年要競選連任,他未必會現在封殺華為。

紀惠集團行政總裁

川普誓言在他任內中國經濟別想超越美國
https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%E8%AA%93%E8%A8%80%E5%9C%A8%E4%BB%96%E4%BB%BB%E5%85%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%88%A5%E6%83%B3%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B-041705945.html

Google停止合作 華為5G機恐廢武功
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190521/00178_001.html
[Image: 0521-00178-001b4.jpg?t=1558391169850]
去年封殺中興 美今重施故技
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190521/00178_003.html

特朗普:不與華達成對等協議 中方斥圖極限施壓實現索求
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190521/00178_009.html

中車贏紐約地鐵設計賽 惹憂慮
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190521/00178_012.html
中國中車(CRRC)贏得紐約市地鐵新列車設計比賽,美國參議院少數黨領袖舒默周日指或會對國家安全構成威脅,已要求聯邦政府介入審查。中國中車子公司中車四方車輛有限公司指沒有證據指明任何製造商故意對列車車廂造成網絡威脅。比賽並未保證贏家可得到製造合約,紐約市地鐵亦暫無意採購新車。

20%受訪公司 稱華逼技術轉移
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190521/00178_013.html
中國歐盟商會昨日發表報告,指五分之一的受訪海外公司覺得被迫交出技術,以換取打開中國市場,有關數字比兩年前多了一倍。其中30%的石油化工公司有同感,醫療設備公司有28%,藥商有27%,汽車製造商則有21%。但報告未有詳述,這些公司為何會覺得被迫轉移技術。

國土安全部警告 用華製無人機或使企業數據蒙受風險
https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/cnnews/20190521/bkn-20190521010353507-0521_00952_001.html?refer=hn1

美國國土安全部日前向美國公司發出通告,使用中國製造無人機可能會導致電腦數據承受風險。外電周一(20日)報道,有關通告名為「中國製造無人機系統」,指美國官員「對於任何可將美國數據帶入一個專制國家境內的技術產品感到擔憂,該國容許情報部門毫無保留接觸這些數據並濫用這權利。」

國土安全部轄下的網絡和設備保安局證實該局「最近發出業界警示,向各機構就使用中國開發的無人機技術所面對的風險,以及採取措施減少這些風險提供資料。」有關通告沒有公開任何公司的名字,它要求各企業注意你們的無人機數據是被賣家儲存或被第三方管理,如果數據被儲存,需要知道如何儲存、儲存在哪裏和儲存多久。

全球最大規模的無人機製造商,中國深圳大疆創新公司周一發表聲明回應,指「我們技術的安全之前已被美國政府和美國頂尖企業分別評估,又指「顧客在如何收集、傳播和儲存他們自己的數據時有絕對控制權」是顧客自己控制;對於政府和重要基建顧客,「我們提供不會透過互聯網傳送數據或傳數據到本公司的無人機」。

[ 本帖最後由 U52.5U4G 於 2019-5-20 15:35 編輯 ]


- U52.5U4G - 05-20-2019

軍事角力升級 美驅逐艦再闖南海
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190521/00178_008.html

中美貿易談判膠着之際,兩國在南海的軍事角力持續升級。美國海軍第七艦隊周一公布,海軍伯克級神盾驅逐艦普雷布爾號(USS Preble),周日進入南海執行「自由航行」任務,是該艦過去兩周以來第二次駛入南海。中國外交部周一表示,美方軍艦未經允許擅自進入中國黃岩島鄰近海域,解放軍海軍對美艦識別查證並警告驅離,強調美方行為侵犯中國,破壞海域和平安全。

美國海軍第七艦隊發言人道斯(Clay Doss)稱,普雷布爾號進入黃岩島十二海里範圍內航行,「挑戰過度的領海主張,並根據國際法保護水路通道」。

華斥挑釁 部隊戒備

中國南部戰區發言人表示,美艦的行為危及中美雙方艦機及人員安全,違背國際關係基本準則,破壞地區和平穩定。另對美方侵犯中國主權的挑釁行為堅決反對,指出戰區部隊將保持戒備,採取必要措施,捍衞及維護南海地區和平。

中宣部就貿易戰遲來發聲 首撰文批美漫天要價
https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/cnnews/20190517/bkn-20190517121012840-0517_00952_001.html

[ 本帖最後由 U52.5U4G 於 2019-5-20 15:43 編輯 ]


- U52.5U4G - 05-22-2019

【環球金融快線】華為冇Google一樣掂?(上)
https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/video/%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%BF%AB%E7%B7%9A-%E8%8F%AF%E7%82%BA%E5%86%87google-%E6%A8%A3%E6%8E%82-%E4%B8%8A-024800840.html

易方資本投資總監王華話,華為搵其他代替軟件時,除咗要考慮網絡安全外,亦要考慮平板電腦同電腦等跨平台產品都要轉軟件。佢又話,依家大部分美國半導體公司由華人管理,而中國同印度發展軟件速度較快,長遠製造到好嘅軟件都唔出奇,甚至有機會衝擊美國軟件公司。

聯想將成下一個貿易戰受害者?
https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E8%81%AF%E6%83%B3%E5%B0%87%E6%88%90%E4%B8%8B-%E5%80%8B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E6%88%B0%E5%8F%97%E5%AE%B3%E8%80%85-050538930.html

國土安全部警告 用華製無人機或使企業數據蒙受風險
https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/cnnews/20190521/bkn-20190521010353507-0521_00952_001.html?refer=hn1

美國國土安全部日前向美國公司發出通告,使用中國製造無人機可能會導致電腦數據承受風險。外電周一(20日)報道,有關通告名為「中國製造無人機系統」,指美國官員「對於任何可將美國數據帶入一個專制國家境內的技術產品感到擔憂,該國容許情報部門毫無保留接觸這些數據並濫用這權利。」

國土安全部轄下的網絡和設備保安局證實該局「最近發出業界警示,向各機構就使用中國開發的無人機技術所面對的風險,以及採取措施減少這些風險提供資料。」有關通告沒有公開任何公司的名字,它要求各企業注意你們的無人機數據是被賣家儲存或被第三方管理,如果數據被儲存,需要知道如何儲存、儲存在哪裏和儲存多久。

全球最大規模的無人機製造商,中國深圳大疆創新公司周一發表聲明回應,指「我們技術的安全之前已被美國政府和美國頂尖企業分別評估,又指「顧客在如何收集、傳播和儲存他們自己的數據時有絕對控制權」是顧客自己控制;對於政府和重要基建顧客,「我們提供不會透過互聯網傳送數據或傳數據到本公司的無人機」。

美警告中國製無人機可洩密
https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E7%BE%8E%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A3%BD%E7%84%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%A9%9F%E5%8F%AF%E6%B4%A9%E5%AF%86-194400468.html

美國再針對中國科技產品,批評有資訊安全隱患。國土安全部發出行業警示,告誡美國公司,中國製無人機或會把敏感的數據發送到中國的製造廠,被中國政府瀏覽,存在私隱外洩的風險。

該警示沒有點名具「潛在威脅」的無人機品牌,而總部設在深圳的無人機製造商大疆(DJI)發聲明稱,安全是該公司的核心,其技術安全性已經得到美國政府和當地主要企業的獨立驗證。

深圳大疆強調獲安全驗證

警示指出,這些無人機產品可能會收集和傳送美國的數據,包括企業的營運狀況及營運者資料,最終會落入中國政府手中。美國政府非常擔心任何科技產品,把資料送到極權國家再被濫用。又要求美國公司向中國購買無人機時,要採取預防措施,包括關閉無人機的互聯網連接功能,提醒業務關乎國家安全的企業,成為間諜目標的風險愈高,須特別提高警覺,防止重要資訊和數據被竊取。

大疆重申,其技術的安全性已經在全球得到反覆驗證,其中包括美國政府和領先企業的獨立驗證。當用戶使用大疆的無人機或其他技術產品時,所生產、存儲和傳輸的數據都完全由用戶掌握。

大疆還提供特殊的模式以滿足不同客戶的訊息安全管理需要,譬如斷開網絡連接的本地數據模式、私有雲部署等。

業內人士估計,在美國及加拿大出售的無人機,近八成來自大疆,美國執法機構近年也愈來愈多使用無人機,美國政府擔心這類科技產品會成為中國獲取美國敏感資料的渠道。

ARM 再插一刀,將停止與華為合作,麒麟或將被消滅
https://hkstylemen.yahoo.com/arm-%E5%86%8D%E6%8F%92-%E5%88%80-%E5%B0%87%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E8%88%87%E8%8F%AF%E7%82%BA%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C-%E9%BA%92%E9%BA%9F%E6%88%96%E5%B0%87%E8%A2%AB%E6%B6%88%E6%BB%85-134628599.html

[Image: 7afad2d8d823aae7ec2f2da5fe90aada]

面對 Intel、Qualcoom、 Broadcom、Xilinx 多家晶片巨頭割席,再被 Google 停止向華為手機提供服務(Google Mobile Services),可能對於華為而言並不是滅頂之災,因為沒有 Google Play Store 還是可以去下載第三方提供 APK 頂住,Android 本身有開源部份,仍可以修修改改湊合來用,但今次出大招的卻可以幾乎秒殺華為,那就是 ARM。

ARM 公司是開發 ARM 架構,現市場所有的手機處理器幾乎都是 ARM 架構(包括:高通、Samsung、MTK、Apple 及華為),原本 ARM 是由日本軟銀最大投資者的英國公司,看似與美國禁令扯不上關係,不過英國 BBC 就報導出驚人真相。

BBC 揭示 ARM 的內部文件,文件顯示,ARM要求員工「停止所有與華為及其子公司正在生效的合約、支援服務及任何仍未生效的約定」。公司指其晶片設計含有「源自美國的科技」。根據公司的命令,ARM員工不可以向對方提供支援,付運技術(不論是軟件、代碼或更新),參與技術討論等行為。報道指,ARM 是在本月16日通知員工有關決定。

早前華為就表示自己擁有 ARMv8 指令集的「永久授權」,所以在晶片方面可以自給自足。不過現時情況似乎並不樂觀,先不說在禁令下這個「永久授權」是否仍有效,即使有效亦只是 ARMv8,那麼明年 ARMv9 呢?華為海思半導體 HiSilcon 開發的 Kirin 麒麟處理器都是建基在 ARM 架構之上,如果沒有 ARM,麒麟處理器將不會開發出新一代處理器。而且 ARM 掌控 IoT 晶片的大部份市場,這一停止合作將會令華為幾乎癱瘓。

英日台電訊商停售華為新機 晶片廠ARM一切業務不再合作
https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E8%8B%B1%E6%97%A5%E5%8F%B0%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A%E5%95%86%E5%81%9C%E5%94%AE%E8%8F%AF%E7%82%BA%E6%96%B0%E6%A9%9F-%E6%99%B6%E7%89%87%E5%BB%A0arm-%E5%88%87%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%8D%E5%86%8D%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C-201300293.html

[Image: ed96a34d147df2767b08bd6d79abd302]

美國出招封殺華為至今已屆一星期,繼科技巨企谷歌(Google)及多家美國晶片公司決定配合政府的出口禁令後,封殺效應擴散至其他市場。英國媒體引述當地晶片設計公司ARM的內部文件報道,ARM已向員工表明須停止與華為一切業務合作,以遵守美國的規定,由於華為生產的晶片極依賴ARM的設計及技術,若不再獲專利授權,勢重創華為自行研發及生產晶片的能力。此外,英國、日本及台灣等地的多家電訊商,已宣布暫停推出華為的新款手機。

據英國廣播公司(BBC)及《金融時報》引述ARM發出的內部備忘,ARM指示員工暫停與華為所有業務往來,不得向華為提供支持、交付技術(不論是軟件、代碼或其他更新),也不得參與技術討論,因其晶片設計含有「源自美國的科技」,須遵守美國對華為實施的禁令。該文件於本月16日發出,ARM相信美國政府於20日公布的90日暫緩令,並不適用於該公司。

華為晶片研發能力恐受創

ARM回應英國廣播公司查詢時稱,會遵守美國政府的所有規管,但拒絕披露更多詳情。華為則強調,重視與夥伴的關係,但承認部分關係因「有政治動機的決定」而受壓,但有信心可解決這種令人遺憾的情況。

華為旗下的晶片公司海思半導體,自行研發一系列手機晶片供華為使用,其中大部分交予台積電在台灣生產,晶片設計卻極依賴ARM的架構及技術。

雖然海思和華為可以繼續使用和製造現有的晶片,但ARM的決定意味華為將來不再獲幫助開發組件。海思即將推出的麒麟985處理器,預料今年稍後用於華為的新設備中,據ARM的消息人士透露,該晶片料不會受禁令影響,但下一代的設計尚未完成,故華為可能要重新開始組建。

至於華為生產用於雲計算和存儲用途的伺服器,晶片都是採用ARM的設計。

華為的手機業務亦面對愈來愈多阻滯,英國最大電訊商英國電訊(BT)旗下的EE,將於下周推出5G服務計劃,現決定不讓華為手機參與,因華為在Android作業系統更新上仍存在不明朗因素;英國沃達豐(Vodafone)亦已暫停華為5G手機在當地的預訂服務。

台只賣存貨 售罄不補充

日本3大電訊商同樣宣布延期發售華為的新款手機;軟銀原計劃5月24日推出華為P30 lite手機,原已於14日開始接受預約,但昨日已告停止;日本電訊商KDDI指出,經過綜合判斷決定延期推出華為新手機,目前上市時間未定;NTT docomo正商討停止接受華為新款手機的銷售預約。

台灣電訊商也加入停賣新款華為手機陣營,主要是華為新款手機不再支援谷歌服務,中華電信、台灣大哥大等均表示,已經上架的華為手機會繼續銷售,或依照消費者的要求提供,但存貨售罄後暫時不會補貨,後續的新產品則視乎華為的策略而定。

[ 本帖最後由 U52.5U4G 於 2019-5-22 14:27 編輯 ]


- U52.5U4G - 05-23-2019

班農:封殺華為比貿易協議重要十倍
https://tw.aboluowang.com/2019/0523/1292822.html

美國白宮前首席戰略顧問班農日前表示,川普近期就維護國家通信安全簽署的行政令遠比與中國達成貿易協議更重要。班農說,華為對美國乃至世界各國都是重大的國安威脅。另外,他還呼籲華盛頓對中國企業採取更強硬的措施。

前美國白宮首席戰略顧問斯蒂芬•班農(Steve Bannon)是美國政界中對華的鷹派代表人物之一。在2017年離開白宮總統高級顧問辦公室後,他仍舊呼籲美國採取更為強硬的對華政策。他當時對《紐約時報》說:“現在的中國就是1930年的德國。它在一個拐點上......年輕一代如此愛國,幾乎是極端民族主義者了。”

就在上周末,這位自稱“超級鷹派”的另類右派人物再次拋出一枚重磅炸彈。班農在接受香港《南華早報》的採訪中表示,美國總統川普簽署的行政令比與中國達成貿易協議重要十倍。

他表示,華為對美國乃至全球各地的國家安全都是巨大的威脅,他們必須對其封殺。

貿易戰上升到科技戰

種種跡象表明,華為可能只是本輪針對性制裁的開端而已。《紐約時報》周二披露,除華為之外,美國政府正考慮將中國安防龍頭企業海康威視一併列入商務部“實體名單”,因為它為北京當局在新疆的大規模監控和拘禁提供了技術支持。美國彭博社隨後報道,另一家安防巨頭浙江大華技術股份有限公司以及其它三家不具名的中企也可能被列入這份“黑名單”。

中國金融學者賀江兵表示,貿易戰持續發酵,至此已經轉向了科技戰,這對中共無疑是不妙的。

“中共在貿易戰中還可以假裝還一下手,但是它在科技戰中是沒有還手之力的。如果說貿易戰的目的之一是減少美中貿易逆差,讓中國多買美國的東西。現在美國反過來了,它不賣中國東西,這當然比前者(的威力)強十倍。”

兩個月前,四十多位美國知名中國問題專家和軍政高官在華盛頓成立了“應對中國當前危險委員會”,班農就是成員之一。他上個月在委員會的一場圓桌會議上說,華為不只與中國解放軍有著密切聯繫與合作,它本身就是中共軍隊的一部分。

班農:應把中企趕出美國資本市場

班農還在採訪中說,他希望美國能把中國企業趕出他們的資本市場。他表示,美國下一步應該禁止這些公司在美國上市,封殺為中共提供資金的在美退休基金和保險公司,直到中國政府同意作出根本性改革。

離開白宮後,班農仍時常在美國主流媒體露面,呼籲在貿易戰中對華採取強硬姿態。儘管他已退居二線,他仍在美國保守派中有一定影響力。


- U52.5U4G - 05-23-2019

北京:將採措施維護權益 美封殺華企升級
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190524/00180_001.html
[Image: 0524-00180-001b4.jpg?t=1558652879823]

美國財政部長姆紐欽周三(22日)指華府未有計劃,派員往北京參與貿易談判。華府隨即升級封殺中國企業的行動,以違反《伊朗、北韓和敍利亞核不擴散法案》為由,宣布制裁十家中國企業及三名中國人,阻止制裁對象從美國採購任何服務、產品及技術等,並暫停授予出口許可。美媒同時披露美國晶片初創企業去年控告中國科技巨企、華為副董事長徐直軍涉參與竊取商業機密。

美國國務院屬下的國際安全暨防核武擴散局(ISN)刊登制裁令,除了針對中國企業及中國人外,亦制裁一家伊朗企業、三家俄羅斯企業、四家敍利亞企業及敍利亞空軍。制裁已於本月十四日生效,維持兩年,美國政府不得向制裁對象採購任何服務、產品、技術、訂立任何採購合同及提供協助,或從當地採購。其中兩家被制裁的中國企業,在香港設有辦公室,但其中一家已解散。

移除華為設備 美補貼54億

美國國務卿蓬佩奧批評華為隱瞞與中國政府的關係,國會周三提出草案,提供七億美元(約五十四億六千萬港元)補助予電訊商,作為移除華為設備的成本,並要求美國5G網絡不得使用華為及中興設備。

《華爾街日報》引述法庭文件指,獲微軟及戴爾支持的晶片企業CNEX Labs Inc.指控徐直軍指示一名華為工程師假扮潛在客戶,於二○一六年六月與CNEX的管理人員會面,獲取商業機密資訊。該名工程師其後撰寫一份有關CNEX技術的報告,並交給華為子公司海思半導體管理的競爭情報數據庫。案件將於下月在德州開審。

晶片商控徐直軍與廈大竊密

此外,CNEX又指控廈門大學在二○一七年以學術研究為由,在嚴格協議下獲取CNEX的電腦記憶體;惟廈門大學暗中與華為另有協議,研究最後用於華為的晶片項目。案件上月舉行審前聽證會,華為的代表律師承認與廈門大學達成協議,但否認竊密指控,又指CNEX邀請華為的工程師討論。

對於美國加強封殺,華為消費者業務行政總裁余承東提到,如果華為被禁止使用美國巨企微軟的Windows平台或Google的Android平台,將在本年秋季前推出自家的作業系統。

中國外交部發言人陸慷周四回應美國加強施壓一事,指美方的行為不會得到國際社會的認同和支持,也不利於為磋商營造良好環境。商務部批評美方動用國家力量打壓華企,破壞兩國商業合作,對全球產業鏈及供應鏈構成嚴重威脅,中方將採取必要措施維護中國企業的合法權益。

Panasonic傳停華為合作 松下分部否認
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190524/00180_002.html

繼日本兩大電訊商KDDI及軟銀股份宣布推遲發售華為新款手機後,電子產品製造商Panasonic(松下電器)周四指,為遵守華府禁令,將暫停向華為供應部分零件。但Panasonic中國分部同日在官網發聲明,強調目前集團與華為正常合作。

產品25%涉美技術 須遵禁令

日媒引述Panasonic一位代表指,由於公司產品有25%或以上涉及美國原料或研發的技術,故暫停向華為提供與智能手機有關的零部件。他又指,公司已停止與華為及其六十八間子公司業務往來。目前和華為有交易的日本企業超過八十間,包括至少十一間著名牌子為華為提供相機或電子零件。但Panasonic強調向華為的供貨正常。

日媒亦指,制訂SD記憶卡準則的SD協會會員名單上不見華為的名字,華為的手機或無法使用microSD記憶卡。東芝公司為了檢查產品是否涉及美國零件,早前一度決定暫停向華為供貨,但確認沒有美國零件後,恢復向華為供貨。

南韓媒體指,華府官員已警告華為會損害南韓國安,要求南韓電子巨企勿在敏感領域使用華為技術,讓華為「完全出局」。有南韓前外交官稱,繼薩德事件之後,南韓可能再次夾在中美之間。該國外交部則指政府很難介入私營企業的決策。業界透露,企業或損失額將達數十億美元,如果中國報復,將一發不可收拾。

危機升級!日本及台灣企業已捨棄華為手機了
https://tw.aboluowang.com/2019/0523/1292525.html

禁令連鎖反應 日本松下停止向華為出售組件
https://tw.aboluowang.com/2019/0523/1292823.html

華為生存關鍵一環也是不妙 呼應禁令西方科技巨頭切割 英日台灣企業捨棄華為手機
https://tw.aboluowang.com/2019/0523/1292980.html

微軟疑將華為產品下架 市場憂禁用Windows作業系統
https://tw.aboluowang.com/2019/0523/1292541.html


- U52.5U4G - 05-24-2019

華為副董事長遭美企控告竊機密 蓬佩奧斥任正非 隱瞞與北京關係
https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E8%8F%AF%E7%82%BA%E5%89%AF%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E9%81%AD%E7%BE%8E%E4%BC%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%91%8A%E7%AB%8A%E6%A9%9F%E5%AF%86-%E8%93%AC%E4%BD%A9%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%A5%E4%BB%BB%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%9E-%E9%9A%B1%E7%9E%9E%E8%88%87%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82-195100281.html

[Image: 87c5cecd013daf87f88821402ccb56b7]

美國政府把華為列入出口管制實體清單後,已遭多間科技企業停止業務合作,其他的針對性行動亦蜂擁而至。外電報道,一間美國初創企業入稟控告華為副董事長徐直軍,指他涉嫌指示下屬竊取商業機密,案件將於下月3日在得克薩斯州聯邦法庭開庭。另一方面,美國國務卿蓬佩奧(Mike Pompeo)批評華為創辦人任正非,在談及華為與北京政府的關係時說謊,並預期會有更多美國公司切斷與華為的關係。

《華爾街日報》引述法庭文件稱,具微軟背景的美國晶片初創企業CNEX Labs去年入稟,控告徐直軍指示華為一名工程師,在2016年6月假扮潛在客戶與CNEX Labs管理層會面,以獲取商業機密資訊,該工程師其後撰寫一份有關CNEX技術的報告,交給華為晶片開發子公司海思半導體。華為則反駁指控,形容是誤導且不實,將在法庭上予以反擊。

傳向南韓施壓封殺華為

華為與CNEX Labs早有恩怨,CNEX Labs的華裔共同創辦人黃義仁於2011年仍是華為科技的員工,他2013年5月離職創業,並將其擁有的專利技術轉讓給CNEX Labs。華為曾在2017年控告CNEX Labs和黃義仁竊取技術及挖走華為14名員工。

美國官方繼續死咬華為不放,蓬佩奧接受CNBC訪問時表示,華為不僅與中國緊密相連,還與中國共產黨關係深厚,這種關聯令使用華為網絡傳送的美國訊息處於危險境地。華為一再否認受到中國政府、軍方或情報機構控制。蓬佩奧駁斥任正非有關華為永遠不會分享用戶機密的說法,「這肯定是假的,他們不與中國政府合作是一種錯誤的說法,中國法律要求他們這樣做,在這一點上,華為首席執行官至少沒有告訴美國人民真相,也沒有告訴世界真相。」他希望美國企業切斷與華為的生意來往。

松下停合作 東芝曾斷供

另外,南韓《朝鮮日報》引述首爾外交消息人士報道,美國政府一再透過各種外交渠道向南韓外交部傳遞訊息,稱使用華為產品可能帶來安全風險。報道指出,美國國務院一名官員最近與南韓官員會面時,提到採用華為設備的南韓電訊企業LG Uplus不應被允許在南韓敏感地區提供服務,又稱即使不是立刻,最終也需要把華為趕出南韓。

華為的供應鏈仍然不明朗,昨日有報道指日本松下(Panasonic)將暫停對華為供貨,雖然松下中國的官方網站發聲明否認,日本發言人卻表示,要查證中國官網聲明的真實性。日本東芝(Toshiba)因為要檢查供應予華為的產品是否包含源自美國的零部件,曾暫停向華為出貨,其後確認未牴觸美國禁運措施,已恢復供貨。

不過,也有不少供應商繼續支持華為,全球最大晶片代工廠台積電稱,公司絕對符合全球貿易法規,內部設有非常完備出口管理系統,不需改變現有對華為的出貨安排。英國電訊運營商EE公司重申,將繼續在其部分5G網絡基礎設施中採用華為設備,但暫緩推出華為5G手機。至於早前傳出有關DHL香港停收華為快件,DHL快遞官方微信發表聲明否認。

中國商務部新聞發言人高峰重申,希望美方保持理性,糾正危險做法,中方將繼續密切關注事態發展,做好必要的應對準備。他說,美方捕風捉影的指控最終損害的是美方的信用,這種憑空抹黑、打壓中國企業的做法很可能對美國企業的消費者造成更大損害。

【華為危機】美卿斥任正非說謊 指華為與中共「深深相連」
https://hk.news.appledaily.com/international/realtime/article/20190523/59634241

川普拿出了比關稅更強大的貿易戰武器:出口管制
https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%BF%E5%87%BA%E4%BA%86%E6%AF%94%E9%97%9C%E7%A8%85%E6%9B%B4%E5%BC%B7%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E6%88%B0%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8-%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6-192915870.html

[Image: b87dbe590cd9adea7b91a833795c7f5a]

美國總統唐納德·川普此前一直在貿易戰中集中火力對付進口。他又開辟了新陣線:把美國的出口化作武器。

川普政府正試圖通過限制向華為出售重要的美國零組件,來阻止中國獲取關鍵技術。此外,美國正考慮將中國至少五家視頻監控公司列入同一個黑名單。

幾十年來,美國一直在通過出口管制制度限制國防技術流向流氓政權和戰略競爭對手,上述最新舉措只是擴大和加強該制度的部分行動。這個過程令企業擔心,隨著川普發起的貿易戰演變成與中國在更大範圍內的技術沖突,美國最終可能損害自己的經濟未來 。

美國政府自去年以來一直在與公司和行業組織閉門討論如何更新及重新定義商務部出口管制清單上的產品,這一過程有望在未來幾周內完成。

政府鷹派正推動制訂寬泛的定義,以限制與人工智能、機器人和3D打印等技術相關的出口,他們表示這些技術是關乎競爭力的關鍵因素。新規定還可能限制公司聘請外國工程師和科學家在受影響地區工作的能力,因為他們了解到的知識被看作是敏感的「視同」出口。

這符合川普政府經濟安全即國家安全的說法。到目前為止,美國政府用這個理由來證明對鋼和鋁加征關稅是合理的,並威脅對歐盟和日本的汽車及零組件加征關稅。不僅如此,美國政府還曾利用加強對中國在美投資的國家安全審查、金融制裁等經濟手段,來實現諸如保護五角大樓供應鏈、孤立伊朗和委內瑞拉政府等其他政策目標。

儘管表示他可能會將華為納入某種形式的美中貿易協議,但是川普周四還是將華為稱為一家「非常危險」的公司。他的政府還作出了可能擴大貿易戰火力覆蓋範圍的舉動,提出對那些被認定本幣被低估國家的輸美產品也都加征關稅。

相比關稅,一些美國企業更害怕出口管制。通用電氣、谷歌和微軟等公司擔心出口管制可能會阻止它們在利潤豐厚的市場上競爭,同時降低美國的創新能力。

微軟在向美國商務部提交的一份書面材料中警告稱,許多技術的發展離不開研究領域的國際合作,擬議的限制措施可能會將美國排除在這種合作之外,一旦做錯,新制度「可能會削弱美國利益」。

「人工智能是一個非常廣泛的概念,」通用電氣在其提交的材料中提醒道。如果將出口管制範圍定義得太寬泛,就連醫療影像設備和會說話的泰迪熊等玩具都可能被包含在內。

在美國公司表達擔憂的背後,是擔心在政府鷹派占據上風的情況下,圍繞更新出口管制名單的辯論可能被拖入兩大經濟體間的貿易戰,打破以往討論這個問題時的平衡局面。

美國國會去年通過了一部由白宮推動的法律,要求商務部更新出口管制制度以納入「新興」和「基礎」技術。

圍繞這些調整的討論正在進行當中,政府可能會在夏季發布關於新興技術的新規定,並在今年晚些時候定義何為「基礎」技術。

關於應該如何實施全面出口限制的辯論,一直是負責促進出口的商務部與更加強硬的國防部之間的拉鋸戰。但據熟悉內部想法的知情人士表示,平衡的重心已經在轉移,川普政府中呼籲嚴格管控的強硬派對這個過程的控制力在增強。

美國商務部發言人對出口管制評估的具體問題不予置評,但表示正與美國企業、學術界和其他機構合作。

智能微塵

多年來,美國出口管制系統一直以裂變材料、通信和網絡安全設備、激光甚至太空飛行器之類的領域為目標。去年11月提交的商務部擬議規則中列出了14類新興技術,包括生物技術、先進監控系統和包括「智能微塵」這種超微型網絡傳感器在內的機器人技術。

據一位了解討論情況的知情人士稱,此後,政府已將重點範圍縮小到三項新興技術:人工智能、量子技術、傳感及3D打印等技術。

但是據知情人士透露,這一過程也導致商務部內部出現分裂,以及雇員與政府任命人員之間的爭鬥。一些被視為更偏溫和派的官員最近要麼離開了商務部,要麼被指責在討論中拖延節奏。掌握了主導權的政府任命人員正推動新的限制措施得以迅速實施。

曾在柯林頓政府監督出口管制制度的Bill Reinsch表示,在不扼殺創新和保護國家安全之間做出恰如其分的平衡,是一項艱巨的任務。

「把出口管制做得剛剛好,總是很棘手的事情。過於寬鬆的話,關鍵技術最終會落入我們的對手手中。太嚴格了,又會限制我們高科技公司發展和進一步創新的能力,而我們鼓勵其他人在關鍵領域發展自己的能力,」他表示。

針對華為的行動就展現了美國出口管制制度的力量。Reinsch說,這也顯示出政策制定者面臨的兩難困境。長期以來,華為一直是美國情報界關注的焦點,並因涉嫌向伊朗出售受管制的零組件,違反美國出口管制規定而被列入所謂「實體名單」。

這些舉措已經對華為供應商在美國的股價和商業模式產生了重大影響,例如高通和其他晶片製造商。而這可能只是開始。

在本月發布的一份報告中,信息技術與創新基金會(Information Technology and Innovation Foundation)的研究人員警告說,美國遏制科技出口,將在五年內使高達560億美元出口和74,000個就業崗位面臨風險。他們還警告說,川普政府試圖強行把供應鏈拉回國內,反而有可能破壞其試圖推動的經濟活力。

「更有效的策略是說明下一代先進技術是什麼,以及要在美國生產這些技術需要什麼,」該報告的作者之一Stephen Ezell說。政府「必須認識到諸如出口管制之類的政策並非有益無害。」

[ 本帖最後由 U52.5U4G 於 2019-5-24 09:53 編輯 ]


- U52.5U4G - 05-24-2019

美擬新招制華徵反補貼稅
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190525/00180_009.html
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美國頻頻狙擊中國科企之際,總統特朗普周四(23日)高調宣布向國內農民提供第二筆、總值一百六十億美元(約一千二百五十億港元)補助,協助受貿戰影響農民。同日,商務部建議出新招向壓低本國貨幣兌美元匯率國家的產品徵收反補貼稅,被指針對中國。新一輪打壓來勢洶洶,特朗普卻放風指美國很有可能與中國達協議。

特朗普在白宮與農民代表會面,由農業部長珀杜陪伴,宣布會再發補貼,比去年十二月的一百一十億美元(約八百六十億港元)多,有美媒指華府是為一場潛在的持久戰做準備。

特朗普又稱快與華達協議

特朗普提到:「美國農民一直受中國攻擊,我們將協助農民,給予他們一個公平競爭的場地。」他又宣稱中美很快會達成協議,期待下月底在日本大阪二十國集團(G20)峰會與中國國家主席習近平會面。

大豆是中美互徵關稅的「主戰場」,美國去年滯銷的大豆已累積至三十七億四千萬蒲式耳(約一億零一百七十萬噸),比前年大增18%,不少豆農都有微言。今次的補貼對象包括豆農、小麥農、粟米農,珀杜稱華府會確保農民不受中國或其他國家的貿易行為衝擊,中國長久以來沒有跟隨規則,特朗普對華發出清晰訊息,顯示美國不會再容忍不公平的貿易習慣,包括非貿易關稅壁壘及盜取知識產權。他透露第一批補貼最快於七月至八月發放,相信兩國此前難有協議。

有參議員近日去信珀杜,指去年的援助項目只能彌補美國農民大約三分之一損失,現時農業淨收入比二○一三年已減少一半,許多農民瀕臨破產。有美國農民直指,貿易戰加劇農業帶的問題,甚至開始懷疑中美貿易糾紛是否會以有利美國農民的結果告終。中國外交部回應指,留意到美國農牧業組織要求華府糾正錯誤做法,這意味他們意識到中美的互利合作受影響,責任不在中方,以及中國在自身利益受害時,不得不採取措施維護正當權益。

指中日韓等貨幣估值偏低

美國商務部亦建議出新招,對「估值偏低貨幣」(Undervalued Currencies)國家的產品加徵反補貼稅,部門會重新定義何謂估值偏低貨幣,以設立一個更廣泛標準,中國、日本、南韓、印度、德國及瑞士的貨品或受影響。上述國家均曾列入美國財政部半年度匯率報告的匯率操縱觀察名單。

商務部長羅斯指出,調整讓外國出口商注意到華府可反制對美國產業構成傷害的匯率補貼,外國將不能再利用匯率政策,令美國勞工和企業處於劣勢,但未有說明會採取甚麼具體標準。

特朗普稱或列華為入貿易協議
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190525/00180_010.html

中國科技巨企華為早前被美國商務部列入黑名單,使美國廠商不能向其銷售零件生產新產品,情況持續陷入僵局。美國總統特朗普周四公布最新的農業政策時語出驚人,以「非常危險」形容華為,並指華為會成為貿易協議一部分。

特朗普提及:「如果我們達成中美貿易協議,我可以想像到華為的事情會以某種方式列入貿易協議,成為協議一部分。」國務卿蓬佩奧同日受訪指,中國對美國國家安全構成真正風險,相信會有更多美國公司和華為斷絕商業合作。蓬佩奧又批評華為始創人任正非聲稱沒有替中國政府收集情報,認為此說法並非向美國人民說真話。

英晶片商稱設法解決封殺

早前有報道指英國晶片公司ARM已下令中止與華為的商業合作。ARM中國分部周四回應指,十分重視華為晶片開發子公司海思半導體這位長期合作夥伴,正尋求解決方案。日本共同社周五則引述消息指,購物網站亞馬遜日本已停售華為的產品。

對於華為遭美國封殺,或影響中國5G技術發展。中國工業和信息化部副部長王志軍回應指,目前國家5G通訊、軌道交通裝備、語音識別等領域技術水平,已躋身世界前列,政府將繼續鼓勵和支持龍頭企業研發創新。外交部則重申敦促美方停止動用國家力量打壓其他國家的企業。

美限被炒華教授夫婦30天離境
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190525/00180_011.html


- U52.5U4G - 05-25-2019

美澳日韓海軍 首度聯合軍演
https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2021669

在美國與中國和北韓關係都升高緊張之際,美國海軍今天(23日)表示,美國與日本、南韓和澳洲,在關島(Guam)附近展開海軍聯合演習。

這是美澳日韓4國首度聯合舉行海軍聯合演習。

美國海軍第七艦隊發表聲明說,這項代號「太平洋先鋒(Pacific Vanguard)」的軍演,總共有來自這4個國家的3千多名士兵參加,主要在磨練海上技能與加強實務合作。

聲明指出,這次演習聚焦演練、防禦性防空行動、反潛戰以及海上補給等課目。

聲明中說,澳洲派出2艘巡防艦參加演習,日本派出2艘驅逐艦,南韓出動1艘驅逐艦,美國第七艦隊旗艦藍嶺號(USS Blue Ridge)負責指揮這次演習。

華府和北京之間的貿易緊張正在升高的此時此刻,中國在20日譴責美國驅逐艦普瑞布爾號(Preble)19日行駛進入黃岩島(Scarborough Shoal)12海浬範圍內。

在5月初,普瑞布爾號也曾和彈道飛彈驅逐艦鍾雲號(Chung Hoon),行駛到南沙群島(Spratly Islands)的南薰礁(Gaven Reef)和赤瓜礁(Johnson Reef)12海浬範圍內。

中國主張,擁有幾乎南海全域的主權,因此,美艦的舉動都被中國視為侵犯主權。而包括台灣、越南、菲律賓、汶萊、馬來西亞與印尼也都主張擁有南海部分主權。

關島人口超過16萬,2017年華府與平壤升高核子緊張時,關島成為該事件的核心,因為當時北韓揚言,要發射4枚「火星-12型(Hwasong-12)」飛彈,飛越日本,落在關島四周的海中,讓關島「被火力包圍(enveloping fire)」。


- U52.5U4G - 05-25-2019

How Australia led the US in its global war against Huawei
https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/how-australia-led-the-us-in-its-global-war-against-huawei-20190522-p51pv8.html

Canberra: In early 2018, in a complex of low-rise buildings in the Australian capital, a team of government hackers was engaging in a destructive digital war game.

The operatives – agents of the Australian Signals Directorate, the nation's top-secret eavesdropping agency – had been given a challenge.

With all the offensive cyber tools at their disposal, what harm could they inflict if they had access to equipment installed in the 5G network, the next-generation mobile communications technology, of a target nation?

What the team found, say current and former government officials, was sobering for Australian security and political leaders: the offensive potential of 5G was so great that if Australia were on the receiving end of such attacks, the country could be seriously exposed.

The understanding of how 5G could be exploited for spying and to sabotage critical infrastructure changed everything for the Australians, according to people familiar with the deliberations.

Mike Burgess, the head of the signals directorate, recently explained why the security of fifth generation, or 5G, technology was so important. It will be integral to the communications at the heart of a country's critical infrastructure - everything from electric power to water supplies to sewage, he said in a March speech at a Sydney research institute.

Washington is widely seen as having taken the initiative in the global campaign against Huawei Technologies, a tech juggernaut that in the three decades since its founding has become a pillar of Beijing's bid to expand its global influence.

Yet interviews with more than two dozen current and former Western officials show it was the Australians who led the way in pressing for action on 5G; that the United States was initially slow to act; and that Britain and other European countries are caught between security concerns and the competitive prices offered by Huawei.

The Australians had long harboured misgivings about Huawei in existing networks, but the 5G war game was a turning point.

About six months after the simulation began, the Australian government effectively banned Huawei, the world's largest maker of telecom networking gear, from any involvement in its 5G plans. An Australian government spokeswoman declined to comment on the war game.

After the Australians shared their findings with US leaders, other countries, including the United States, moved to restrict Huawei.

The anti-Huawei campaign intensified last week, when President Donald Trump signed an executive order that effectively banned the use of Huawei equipment in US telecom networks on national security grounds and the Commerce Department put limits on the firm's purchasing of US technology. Google's parent, Alphabet, suspended some of its business with Huawei.

Until the middle of last year, the US government largely "wasn't paying attention," said retired US Marine Corps General James Jones, who served as national security adviser to President Barack Obama. What spurred senior US officials into action? A sudden dawning of what 5G will bring, according to Jones.

"This has been a very, very fast-moving realisation" in terms of understanding the technology, he said. "I think most people were treating it as a kind of evolutionary step as opposed to a revolutionary step. And now that light has come on."

This has been a very, very fast-moving realisation

retired US Marine Corps General James Jones
The Americans are now campaigning aggressively to contain Huawei as part of a much broader effort to check Beijing's growing military might under President Xi Jinping.

Strengthening cyber operations is a key element in the sweeping military overhaul that Xi launched soon after taking power in 2012, according to official US and Chinese military documents. The United States has accused China of widespread, state-sponsored hacking for strategic and commercial gain.

A threat to critical infrastructure
If Huawei gains a foothold in global 5G networks, Washington fears this will give Beijing an unprecedented opportunity to attack critical infrastructure and compromise intelligence sharing with key allies.

Senior Western security officials say this could involve cyber attacks on public utilities, communication networks and key financial centres.

In any military clash, such attacks would amount to a dramatic change in the nature of war, inflicting economic harm and disrupting civilian life far from the conflict without bullets, bombs or blockades. To be sure, China would also be vulnerable to attacks from the US and its allies.

Beijing complained in a 2015 defence document, China's Military Strategy, that it has already been a victim of cyber-espionage, without identifying suspects. Documents from the National Security Agency leaked by American whistleblower Edward Snowden showed that the United States hacked into Huawei's systems, according to media reports.

Reuters couldn't independently verify that such intrusions took place.

'Deeply embedded'
However, blocking Huawei is a huge challenge for Washington and its closest allies, particularly the other members of the so-called Five Eyes intelligence-sharing group – Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

From humble beginnings in the 1980s in the southern Chinese boom town of Shenzhen, Huawei has grown to become a technology giant that is deeply embedded in global communications networks and poised to dominate 5G infrastructure.

There are few global alternatives to Huawei, which has financial muscle – the company reported revenue for 2018 jumped almost 20 per cent to more than $US100 billion ($145 billion) – as well as competitive technology and the political backing of Beijing.

"Restricting Huawei from doing business in the US will not make the US more secure or stronger," the company said in a statement in response to questions from Reuters. Such moves, it said, would only limit "customers in the US to inferior and more expensive alternatives."

For countries that exclude Huawei there is also a risk of retaliation from Beijing.

Since Australia banned the company from its 5G networks last year, it has experienced disruption to its coal exports to China, including customs delays on the Chinese side. In a statement, China's foreign ministry said it treated "all foreign coal equally" and that to assert "China has banned the import of Australian coal does not accord with the facts."

Tension over Huawei is also exposing divisions in the Five Eyes group, which has been a foundation of the post-Second World War Western security architecture.

During a trip to London on May 8, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo issued a stark warning to Britain, which has not ruled out using Huawei in its 5G networks.

"Insufficient security will impede the United States' ability to share certain information within trusted networks," he said.

"This is exactly what China wants; they want to divide Western alliances through bits and bytes, not bullets and bombs."

Huawei's 74-year old founder, Ren Zhengfei, is a former officer in China's military, the People's Liberation Army.

"Mr. Ren has always maintained the integrity and independence of Huawei," the company said. "We have never been asked to cooperate with spying and we would refuse to do so under any circumstance."

In an interview with Reuters at the company's headquarters in Shenzhen, Eric Xu, a deputy chairman, said Huawei had not allowed any government to install so-called backdoors in its equipment - illicit access that could enable espionage or sabotage - and would never do so.

He said 5G was more secure than earlier systems.

"China has not and will not demand companies or individuals use methods that run counter to local laws or via installing 'backdoors' to collect or provide the Chinese government with data, information or intelligence from home or abroad," the Chinese foreign ministry said in a statement in response to questions from Reuters.

Washington argues that surreptitious backdoors aren't necessarily needed to wreak havoc in 5G systems.

The systems will rely heavily on software updates pushed out by equipment suppliers - and that access to the 5G network, says the United States, potentially could be used to deploy malicious code.

So far, America hasn't publicly produced hard evidence that Huawei equipment has been used for spying.

Asked whether the United States was slow to react to potential threats posed by 5G, Robert Strayer, the State Department's lead cyber policy diplomat, told Reuters that America had long been concerned about Chinese telecom companies, but that over the past year, as 5G loomed closer, "we were starting to talk more and more with our allies."

Banning Huawei from 5G networks remains "an end goal," he said.

The tech threat
The West has long harboured concerns about Chinese telecom equipment. In 2012, a US House Intelligence Committee report concluded Chinese tech companies posed a national security threat. Huawei denounced the finding.

Despite such concerns, the US government's response to the threats posed by 5G only took shape more recently.

In February 2018, Malcolm Turnbull, then prime minister of Australia, flew to Washington D.C.

Even before Australia's eavesdropping agency had run its war game, Turnbull was already raising red flags in Washington. A former technology entrepreneur, he believed 5G presented significant risks and wanted to press allies to act against Huawei.

"He was warning about how important 5G networks would be and the security risks we all needed to think about around countries that had capability, form and intent, as well as coercive laws," a senior Australian source told Reuters.

A spokesman for Turnbull declined to comment.

Turnbull and his advisers met US officials, including Kirstjen Nielsen, then US secretary of homeland security, and Michael Rogers, then head of the US National Security Agency, the US signals-intelligence operation.

[ 本帖最後由 U52.5U4G 於 2019-5-25 12:51 編輯 ]


- U52.5U4G - 05-25-2019

The Australians said they believed Beijing could compel Huawei to do its bidding and that this posed a threat should tensions with China rise in the future, said two of the Australian officials familiar with the meeting.

The US officials were receptive to the Australian message, but imposing restrictions on the world's largest maker of mobile network gear didn't appear to be a high priority, according to the two Australian officials. "They didn't share our concern with the same urgency," said one.

Rogers declined to comment. A Department of Homeland Security official did not elaborate on the meeting, but said the agency works closely with Australia on security issues and that "China will continue to use cyber espionage and bolster cyber-attack capabilities to support its national security priorities."

5G technology is expected to deliver a huge leap in the speed and capacity of communications. Downloading data may be up to 100 times faster than on current networks.

But 5G isn't only about faster data.

The upgrade will see an exponential spike in the number of connections between the billions of devices, from smart fridges to driverless cars, that are expected to run on the 5G network.

"It's not just that there will be more people with multiple devices, but it will be machines talking to machines, devices talking to devices – all enabled by 5G," said Burgess, the Australian Signals Directorate chief, in his March address.

This configuration of 5G networks means there are many more points of entry for a hostile power or group to conduct cyber warfare against the critical infrastructure of a target nation or community. That threat is magnified if an adversary has supplied equipment in the network, US officials say.

Huawei said in its statement that the company does "not control in any way the networks in which our equipment is deployed by our clients. The US and Australian allegations are fanciful and are not rooted in any evidence at all."

In July 2018, Britain delivered a blow to Huawei. A government-led panel that includes senior intelligence officials said it was no longer fully confident it could manage national security risks posed by the Chinese telecom equipment giant.

That panel oversees the work of a laboratory that was set up by the British government in 2010 and is funded by Huawei to vet the company's equipment used in the UK. The facility was established because even then Huawei was perceived as a security risk. The oversight panel said serious problems it had identified with Huawei's engineering processes "exposed new risks in the UK telecommunication networks and long-term challenges in mitigation and management."

That report was a "bombshell," shaping how the Americans viewed the Huawei 5G risk, said one US official.

US officials also point to Chinese laws enacted in recent years that they say could compel individuals and companies to assist the Chinese government in conducting espionage. China's foreign ministry called this portrayal by US officials of Chinese legislation "a misreading and a wanton smearing of relevant Chinese laws," adding: "Trying to smear others to wash oneself clean is futile."

Australia awakes
Through the middle of last year, the Australians continued to apprise other countries of their worries about 5G.

"We were sharing our concerns about security with many allies, not just the US and not just the traditional partners," said one of the senior Australian officials. "We shared our thoughts with Japan, Germany, other European countries and South Korea."

In Washington, the administration began imposing restrictions on Huawei.

In August, Trump signed a bill banning federal agencies and their contractors from using equipment from Huawei and ZTE Corp, another Chinese telecom equipment maker. Huawei has since filed a lawsuit in federal court in Texas challenging the ban.

In late August, the Australians went further: They banned companies that didn't meet their security requirements, which included Huawei, from supplying any equipment for the country's 5G network, whether run by the government or by private firms.

Australia's decision, China's Foreign Ministry said in a statement, "has no basis in fact, and is an abuse of 'national security' standards. China urges the Australian side to abandon Cold War thinking and ideological prejudices, and provide a fair, transparent, non-discriminatory environment for Chinese companies."

In November, New Zealand's intelligence agency blocked the country's first request by a telecom service provider to use Huawei kit for a 5G network, citing national security concerns.

Like the Australians and Americans, British security officials had concerns over China's potential use of Huawei as a channel for conducting espionage.

But the options are limited.

Huawei is one of only three major global companies that analysts say can supply a broad range of advanced mobile network equipment at scale. The other two are Ericsson and Nokia. And Huawei has a reputation among telecom operators for supplying cost-effective equipment promptly.

Nevertheless, British security officials were becoming increasingly frustrated with what they viewed as Huawei's failure to fix software flaws in its equipment, particularly discrepancies in the source code – the programs' underlying set of instructions.

This problem means the laboratory near Oxford set up to vet Huawei equipment can not even be sure that the code it is testing is exactly the same as the code Huawei deploys in its real-world equipment. This makes it difficult to provide safety assurances about the company's gear.

British officials say the array of flaws could be exploited by China, as well as other malevolent actors.

Ian Levy, a British security official who oversees the UK's review of Huawei equipment, told Reuters the company's software engineering is like something from 20 years ago. "The chance of a vulnerability with a Huawei piece of kit is much higher than other vendors," he said.

The company said it has pledged to spend at least $US2 billion "over the next five years" to improve its software engineering capabilities.

British ministers have agreed to allow Huawei a restricted role in building parts of its 5G network, but the government has yet to announce its final decision.

The European Union has left it to individual governments to decide whether to ban any company on national security grounds. Some European security officials say banning one supplier doesn't address the broader issue of the risks posed by Chinese technology in general.

Huawei fights back
As the tensions between the West and Huawei intensified through last year, they suddenly took a personal turn.

US law enforcement officials had for some time been investigating links between Huawei and Iran, including the involvement of Meng Wanzhou, Huawei's chief financial officer, who is the daughter of the company's founder.

The probe followed Reuters stories in 2012 and 2013 that revealed links between Huawei, Meng and another company that allegedly attempted to violate US sanctions on Iran.

When US officials became aware that Meng would be travelling through Vancouver in December, they pounced, asking Canada to detain her on allegations of bank and wire fraud.

Meng remains free on bail in Canada while the US government tries to have her extradited. Huawei said in its statement that Meng "is not guilty of the charges she faces," and that they are "politically motivated."

The Huawei conflict isn't only about US-China superpower rivalry: The activities of Meng and Huawei were under scrutiny by US authorities long before Trump began a trade war with China, according to interviews with people familiar with those probes.

But there is no doubt the wider showdown with Huawei has now become intensely geopolitical.

In recent months, the US has ramped up diplomatic efforts to urge allies to sideline Huawei.

5G is a "game-changing technology with implications across all aspects of society from business, government, military and beyond," Gordon Sondland, US ambassador to the European Union, told Reuters in February. "It seems common sense to me to not hand over the keys to your entire society to an actor that has … demonstrated malign conduct."

Asked whether there is evidence of Huawei equipment having been used for espionage, Sondland said "there is classified evidence."

He declined to expand on the nature of the material beyond saying there was no doubt that Huawei had "the capability to hack a system" and "the mandate by the government to do so upon request."

Pompeo has publicly gone further than most US officials by directly linking the company to Beijing.

"Huawei is owned by the state of China and has deep connections to their intelligence service," he said in March. "That should send off flares for everybody who understands what the Chinese military and Chinese intelligence services do."

Huawei has repeatedly denied it is controlled by the government, military or Chinese intelligence services. "US Secretary of State Pompeo is wrong," the company said in its statement, adding that it is owned by its employees.

While Huawei was initially muted in its public response, it too has become more combative.

In late February, the company confronted the United States at a major annual gathering of mobile industry executives in Barcelona, where Huawei's red logo was ubiquitous.

Top American officials arrived intent on warning government and industry representatives off Huawei. But the company had flown in a team of senior executives to offer customers and representatives of European governments reassurance in the face of the US accusations.

In a keynote speech, Guo Ping, a deputy chairman at Huawei, took aim at America's own spying operations. "Prism, Prism on the wall. Who's the most trustworthy of them all?" he said.

Guo was referring to a mass US foreign-surveillance operation called Prism that was disclosed by former NSA contractor Snowden. The barb drew laughter from the audience.

Europeans pushed back, too. During one closed-door session, senior representatives from European telecom operators pressed a US official for hard evidence that Huawei presented a security risk. One executive demanded to see a smoking gun, recalled the US official.

The American official fired back: "If the gun is smoking, you've already been shot. I don't know why you're lining up in front of a loaded weapon."